NADP (β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate), also known as Coenzyme II or Oxidized Coenzyme II, is a key redox coenzyme and electron carrier in organisms. Its core functions include participating in metabolic synthesis, antioxidant defense, and enzymatic catalysis. It is widely used in high-end fields such as biological reagents, pharmaceutical intermediates, cosmetics, and biomanufacturing, and is a core raw material for enterprises to achieve product upgrading and technological advancement.

I. Core Basic Information (Chemical Grade Standard)

Item	Specification Parameters	Remarks
Chinese Name	β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate, Oxidized Coenzyme II, NADP	Unified industry designation, different from reduced NADPH
English Name	β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate, NADP⁺, TPN	Suitable for international procurement and academic scenarios
CAS No.	53-59-8 (Free Acid), 1184-16-3 (Monosodium Salt)	Compliant with international chemical standards, accurately traceable
Molecular Formula/Molecular Weight	C₂₁H₂₈N₇O₁₇P₃ / 743.41 (Free Acid) C₂₁H₂₆N₇NaO₁₇P₃ / 765.39 (Monosodium Salt)	Ensures biological activity and structural stability
Appearance	White to off-white crystalline powder, odorless, highly hygroscopic	Extremely low impurities and uniform appearance when purity ≥98%
Solubility	Easily soluble in water and methanol, slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in ether and ethyl acetate	Optimal stability in aqueous solution at pH 5.5-7.0
Purity Standard	≥98% (HPLC detection)	Compliant with dual standards of biochemical reagents and pharmaceutical grade
Stability	Store sealed, protected from light and dry at 2-8℃ (shelf life 24 months); storage at -20℃ can be extended to 36 months	Avoid high temperature, strong acid and strong alkali to prevent degradation
Impurity Control	Heavy metals ≤0.5ppm, nucleic acid/protein impurities ≤0.1%	Suitable for safety requirements of high-end application scenarios

II. Structure and Core Characteristics

1. Chemical Structure

NADP is composed of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and 5′-adenosine monophosphate connected by a pyrophosphate bond. The nicotinamide ring is the core active center, which can reversibly convert between oxidized (NADP⁺) and reduced (NADPH) states to realize electron/proton transfer, providing a structural basis for its biological functions.

2. Core Chemical Characteristics

• Strong Redox Activity: As a dehydrogenase coenzyme, it efficiently mediates electron/proton transfer, drives anabolic and antioxidant reactions, and is the core “electron carrier” of cellular metabolism.
• Excellent Biocompatibility: Non-toxic and non-irritating, compliant with FDA GRAS standards, suitable for edible, external use, scientific research and other scenarios, safe and controllable.
• High Catalytic Efficiency: Closely combines with enzyme systems, can significantly improve the catalytic reaction rate of oxidoreductases, reduce side reactions, and adapt to fine synthesis needs.
• Good Compatibility: Can synergize with coenzyme Q10, glutathione, NMN and other raw materials without antagonistic reactions, helping to superimpose effects and adapt to the development of complex formulas.

III. Mechanism of Action, Core Effects and Application Fields

1.Core Mechanism of Action

NADP⁺ accepts electrons and protons under enzyme catalysis and is reduced to NADPH; NADPH then transfers electrons/protons to substrates and is oxidized back to NADP⁺, completing the “redox cycle”. This cycle supports two core physiological functions:

• Provides reducing equivalents (hydrogen donors) for anabolic metabolism such as fatty acids, cholesterol, and nucleotides;
• Maintains the reduced state of glutathione (GSH), scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS), and protects cells from oxidative damage.

2. Core Effects

• Metabolic Regulation: Drives the synthesis of lipids, sterols and nucleic acids, supports cellular energy metabolism and material synthesis, improves metabolic disorders, and helps maintain body homeostasis.
• Antioxidant Defense: Regenerates GSH through NADPH, enhances cellular antioxidant capacity, delays oxidative stress damage, and protects tissue and organ functions.
• Core of Enzymatic Catalysis: As an oxidoreductase coenzyme, it participates in the efficient synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates, chiral compounds and bioactive molecules, improves reaction selectivity and yield, and can combine with various enzymes to realize catalyst recycling, reducing production costs.

3. Main Application Fields

Among them, in the fields of biomanufacturing and pharmaceutical intermediate synthesis, the application of NADP combined with enzymes as catalysts to achieve recycling is the most extensive. The specific reaction examples are as follows:

• Example 1: NADP⁺ + Glucose Dehydrogenase (GDH) Combination — Catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconic acid, while NADP⁺ is reduced to NADPH; the generated NADPH can further combine with carbonyl reductase to catalyze the reduction of ketones (such as acetone, acetophenone) to chiral alcohols (L-lactic acid, phenylethanol). After the reaction, NADPH is oxidized back to NADP⁺, realizing NADP recycling without additional supplementation, which greatly reduces catalytic costs and is suitable for large-scale production of chiral pharmaceutical intermediates.
  Reaction Equations (Two-Step Cycle):
  
  Total Reaction:(NADP⁺ is recycled and not consumed)
• Example 2: NADP⁺ + Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH) Combination — Catalyzes the reduction of oxaloacetic acid to malic acid, and NADP⁺ is synchronously reduced to NADPH; NADPH then cooperates with glutathione reductase (GR) to reduce oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH), and itself is oxidized to NADP⁺ for recycling. This system can be used in the synthesis of food additives (malic acid) and the construction of antioxidant systems in the pharmaceutical field.
  Reaction Equations (Two-Step Cycle):
  
  Total Reaction:(NADP⁺ is recycled and not consumed)
• Example 3: NADP⁺ + Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) Combination — Catalyzes the oxidation of isopropanol to acetone, and NADP⁺ is reduced to NADPH; NADPH can drive nitrate reductase to catalyze the reduction of nitrate to nitrite (used in the synthesis of food preservatives). After the reaction, NADPH is regenerated to NADP⁺, forming a closed-loop catalytic system, which improves reaction efficiency and reduces by-products.
  Reaction Equations (Two-Step Cycle):
  
  Total Reaction:(NADP⁺ is recycled and not consumed)
• Example 4: NADP⁺ + Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PDH) Combination — Catalyzes the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate lactone, and NADP⁺ is reduced to NADPH; NADPH further cooperates with cholesterol synthase to catalyze the synthesis of cholesterol (pharmaceutical intermediate) from acetyl-CoA. After NADPH is oxidized, it is regenerated to NADP⁺, realizing catalyst recycling, which is suitable for large-scale synthesis of steroid drugs.
  Reaction Equations (Two-Step Cycle):
  
  Total Reaction:(NADP⁺ is recycled and not consumed)
• Example 5: NADP⁺ + Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Combination — Catalyzes the reduction of pyruvate to lactic acid, and NADP⁺ is reduced to NADPH; NADPH can cooperate with catalase to scavenge hydrogen peroxide in the reaction system (reducing oxidative impurities) and regenerate itself to NADP⁺. This system can be used for the green synthesis of lactic acid (food and pharmaceutical raw material), reducing environmental pressure.
  Reaction Equations (Two-Step Cycle):
  
  Total Reaction:(NADP⁺ is recycled and not consumed)

Application Fields	Specific Scenarios	Addition/Usage Suggestions
Biological Reagents/Scientific Research	Enzyme activity determination, metabolic pathway research, raw materials for NADP(H) detection kits, construction of enzyme-coenzyme cycle systems	High purity (≥98%), sterile and enzyme-free packaging provided
Pharmaceutical Intermediates	Synthesis of chiral alcohols, anti-aging/anti-inflammatory drugs, biocatalytic reactions, enzyme-coenzyme recycling systems	Pharmaceutical grade purity, customized synthesis process support
High-End Cosmetics	Anti-aging, antioxidant, repair products, assisting skin barrier repair	Formula addition 0.05%-0.5%, suitable for serums, creams and other dosage forms
Biomanufacturing	Enzymatic synthesis of high-value-added chemicals, chiral drug preparation, enzyme-coenzyme recycling catalysis	Suitable for enzyme cycle systems, reducing production costs, green and environmentally friendly

IV. Product Advantages (Factory Direct Supply)

• Controllable and Traceable Purity: Adopting advanced purification technology, each batch passes full-item detection such as HPLC, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and heavy metals. The purity is stably ≥98%, and high purity can be customized to ensure that the efficacy and safety meet the standards, adapting to the high requirements of enzyme-coenzyme cycle catalysis.
• Customized Services: Supports the selection of free acid/monosodium salt, purity grading, and customized packaging specifications (g/kg level), adapting to different needs such as scientific research and industrial production. It can provide crystal form optimization and formula technical support to help optimize the enzyme-coenzyme combination system.
• Stable Supply Chain: Own production base, passed ISO9001, FDA registration and other international certifications, spot supply, shortened delivery time, reduced procurement costs, ensured stable supply of high-end raw materials, and supported the continuous operation of enzyme-coenzyme catalytic production lines.
• Compliance and Technical Support: Complete qualifications, compliant with EU, US and other international standards, and can provide a full set of test reports and technical documents; a professional team provides full-process technical guidance such as enzymatic reaction optimization and formula adaptation to help product upgrading and the implementation of enzyme-coenzyme cycle systems.

V. Storage and Usage Instructions
1. Storage Conditions

• Powder: Store sealed, protected from light and dry at 2-8℃, avoid repeated freezing and thawing; long-term storage at -20℃ (shelf life 36 months) to ensure the stable activity of NADP in the enzyme-coenzyme combination system.
• Solution: Prepare and use immediately; can be stored at 4℃ for 7 days, and at -20℃ for 1 month when frozen in aliquots, avoid light and oxidative degradation to prevent affecting the cycle catalytic efficiency.

2. Usage Notes

• Dissolution: Dissolve with sterile water, normal saline or buffer; the addition temperature in the formula should be ≤45℃ to avoid high temperature damaging the structure and ensure compatibility with enzymes.
• Compatibility: Avoid mixing with strong acidic and strong oxidizing components to prevent degradation and failure; when compatible with enzyme preparations, optimize pH and temperature conditions to improve cycle catalytic efficiency.
• Safety: Wear protective equipment during operation; prohibited for non-industrial and non-scientific research purposes; NADP is a biochemical raw material and shall not be directly consumed.

VI. Qualification and Testing

Our NADP products have passed strict testing, and we can provide a full set of qualification documents such as HPLC purity report, heavy metal testing, microbial testing certification. They comply with industry standards in multiple fields such as biological reagents, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, with controllable and traceable quality, ensuring the compliance and stability of high-end application scenarios, and adapting to high-end industrial application needs such as enzyme-coenzyme cycle catalysis.

With professional production, strict quality control and perfect after-sales service, we provide high-quality NADP raw materials for global customers to help technological innovation and product upgrading in the fields of scientific research and industry.